What Applications of Homoserine?

Homoserine (also known as isothreonine) is an alpha-amino acid with the chemical formula HO 2 CCH(NH 2 )CH 2 CH 2 OH. l -Homoserine is not one of the common amino acids encoded by DNA. It differs from the protein amino acid serine by the insertion of an additional -CH 2 - unit in the main chain. Homoserine or its lactone form is the product of cyanogen bromide cleavage of the peptide by methionine degradation.

 

Homoserine​ is an intermediate in the biosynthesis of three essential amino acids: methionine, threonine (an isomer of homoserine) and isoleucine. Its complete biosynthetic pathway includes glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) or citric acid cycle or tricarboxylic acid cycle, and the aspartate metabolic pathway. It is formed through the intermediate action of aspartic hemi-aldol via two reductions of aspartic acid.

 

Specifically, the enzyme homoserine dehydrogenase, bound to NADPH, catalyzes the reversible reaction that interconverts L-aspartate-4-half aldehyde to L-homoserine. Two other enzymes, homoserine kinase and homoserine o-succinyltransferase, then use homoserine as a substrate to produce homoserine phosphate and o-succinylhomoserine, respectively.

L-homoserine

Applications

Commercially, homoserine can be used as a precursor for the synthesis of isobutanol and 1,4-butanediol. Purified homoserine is used for enzyme structure studies. In addition, homoserine has played an important role in elucidating studies of peptide synthesis and proteoglycan glycopeptide synthesis. Bacterial cell lines can produce large amounts of this amino acid.

 

Biosynthesis

Homoserine is produced from aspartic acid via aspartic acid-4-semialdehyde, which is produced from β-phosphate aspartate. The hemi-aldehyde is converted to homoserine by the action of homoserine dehydrogenase.

 

L-homoserine is a substrate for homoserine kinase, which produces homoserine phosphate (homoserine-phosphate), which is converted to L-threonine by threonine synthase.

 

Homoserine is converted to o-succinylhomoserine by homoserine o-succinyltransferase (a precursor of L-methionine).

 

Homoserine metathesis inhibits aspartate kinase and glutamate dehydrogenase. Glutamate dehydrogenase reversibly converts glutamate to α-ketoglutarate and converts α-ketoglutarate to oxaloacetate via the citric acid cycle. Threonine acts as another metabotropic inhibitor of aspartate kinase and homoserine dehydrogenase, but it is a competitive inhibitor of homoserine kinase.

For more information about Glufosinate-P Intermediate, feel free to contact huimeng bio tech.

评论

发表评论

此博客中的热门博文

How UHMWPE Sheets Revolutionize Industrial Applications

图片
  Ultra-High Molecular Weight Polyethylene (UHMWPE) sheets are increasingly becoming a cornerstone in various industrial applications due to their exceptional properties. This material, renowned for its superior strength, durability, and versatility, has revolutionized numerous sectors, from manufacturing to medical fields. This article delves into how UHMWPE sheets are transforming industries and why they are favored over traditional materials.   1. Understanding UHMWPE Sheets UHMWPE is a subset of the thermoplastic polyethylene, characterized by its extremely long molecular chains. These chains, with molecular weights in the range of 3 to 6 million amu, contribute to its outstanding physical properties. UHMWPE sheets exhibit high impact resistance, low friction, and excellent chemical resistance, making them ideal for demanding environments.   2. Enhanced Durability and Wear Resistance One of the standout features of UHMWPE sheets is their unparalleled wear resistance. Industries tha
阅读全文

What to Look For in a Camping Chair?

图片
  To determine which camping chair is best for you, you will have to sift through material types, portability, price and many more. Therefore, we have put together a handy camping chair guide to make the choice a little easier. We go over the portability, weight capacity, materials and price of   camping chairs   to help you decide. HERE'S WHAT YOU SHOULD LOOK FOR WHEN YOU'RE BUYING A NEW CAMPING CHAIR.   1. Materials   First, let's take a look at the materials used in making one camping chair. There is a vast variety of camping chair materials that you can choose from when shopping for a camping chair. But, most current models have aluminum legs and body frame. This is because aluminum has a high strength-to-weight ratio. Plus, aluminum is corrosion resistant so it prevents rust.   As for the seats and armrests, a coated rip-stop nylon fabric is used because of its durability and water resistance capabilities. But some brands use closed-cell foam padding instead for extra
阅读全文

Is Sublimation Paper the Same as Heat Transfer Paper?

图片
In the realm of garment printing and crafting, confusion often arises between sublimation paper and   heat transfer paper . While both are vital tools in the process of transferring designs onto various surfaces, they serve distinct purposes and possess unique characteristics. Understanding the disparities between these two types of paper is crucial for achieving optimal results in your printing endeavors. Sublimation Paper: Unveiling its Essence Sublimation paper  is a specialized medium used primarily in sublimation printing—a technique that involves transferring dye onto materials such as fabrics, ceramics, and metals through a process of sublimation. Sublimation occurs when a solid substance transitions directly into a gas without passing through the liquid phase. In sublimation printing, heat and pressure are applied to sublimation paper, causing the solid dye particles to sublimate and bond with the surface of the substrate. The key characteristic of sublimation paper is its uniq
阅读全文